Journal: 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
Authors: 
Manman Lu
Guangjin Hou
Huilan Zhang
Christopher L. Suiter
Jinwoo Ahn
In-Ja Byeon
Juan R. Perilla
Christopher J. Langmead
Ivan Hung
Peter L. Gor'kov
Zhehong Gan
William Brey
Christopher Aiken
Peijun Zhang
Klaus Schulten
Angela M. Gronenborn
Tatyana Polenova
Abstract: 
Host factor protein Cyclophilin A (CypA) regulates HIV-1 viral infectivity through direct interactions with the viral capsid, by an unknown mechanism. CypA can either promote or inhibit viral infection, depending on host cell type and HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein sequence. We have examined the role of conformational dynamics on the nanosecond to millisecond timescale in HIV-1 CA assemblies in the escape from CypA dependence, by magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR and molecular dynamics (MD). Through the analysis of backbone 1H-15N and 1H-13C dipolar tensors and peak intensities from 3D MAS NMR spectra of wild-type and the A92E and G94D CypA escape mutants, we demonstrate that assembled CA is dynamic, particularly in loop regions. The CypA loop in assembled wild-type CA from two strains exhibits unprecedented mobility on the nanosecond to microsecond timescales, and the experimental NMR dipolar order parameters are in quantitative agreement with those calculated from MD trajectories. Remarkably, the CypA loop dynamics of wild-type CA HXB2 assembly is significantly attenuated upon CypA binding, and the dynamics profiles of the A92E and G94D CypA escape mutants closely resemble that of wild-type CA assembly in complex with CypA. These results suggest that CypA loop dynamics is a determining factor in HIV-1's escape from CypA dependence.
Date: 
2015
Number: 
112
Pages: 
14617-14622
keywords: 
Virology
Biophysics
Physics
Computational Modeling
Structural Biology